Chilakaluripet Town is located at Latitude 16.10°N, Longitude 80.16°E, along National Highway 5 Road. It is located at a distance of about 41 Km from district head quarters. The nearest railway stations to reach Chilakaluripet town are located in Guntur, Narasaraopet and Chirala.

Importance of Chilakaluripet Town

Chilakaluripet Municipality has been constituted as Grade III Municipality in the year 1964 vide G.O M.S No.86 MA Dt. 30.01.1964 and later it has been upgrated as Grade II Municipality in the year 1980 basing on the population vide G.O M.S No.283 dt 28.04.1980, finally upgrated as Grade I Municipality in the year 2001 vide G.O M.S No.258 dt 18.05.2001.

The extent of Chilakaluripet Municipality is 18.13 Sq Km. As per 2011 census, the population of town 1,01,550 with 49% of male population and 51% of female population. The average Literacy rate of town is 69%. Major population in the town lives below poverty Line. The main occupation is agriculture and the major crops are Cotton, Tobacco and Chillies.

There is one Government Community Area Hospital to cover the entire Municipal Area. In addition to the Government Hospital, 6 private hospitals are present in town

All kinds of educational institutions are available in this Municipality i.e. 20 High schools, 10 Junior colleges, 6 Degree colleges, 1 ITI, 1 Polytechnic college, 1 Engineering College, 1 Navodaya School.

Industries

Even though the cultivation is the main economic activity, small scale industries like Jeep body building, cotton spinning mills, Saw mills, Rice mills and grading of Tobacco are other employment generators.

Climate

The climate in Chilakaluripet is comparatively equitable. It can be observed that the highest temperatures are recorded between April to June. The minimum temperature does not fall below 28o C during these months.

Rainfall

It is observed that the highest rainfall occurs during the months of July, August, September and October. It can also be observed that the first four months of the year are rainless. During the month of June fair amount of rain may occur. More than half of the annual rainfall is brought by the southwest monsoon and the remaining share occurs in October and November. The southwest monsoon begins in the middle of June. Usually the period between July to October is regarded as the heaviest monsoon period.

Population

The population size is the most crucial and fundamental factor in the context of any development either physical, Economical or Social. Population growth affects the urban growth very significantly as it constitutes the basic variables in a model of planned development. The population size of the urban area gives as indication of overall dimensions of the Physical environment and supplies the basic yardstick for estimation of any amenity. facility such as water supply, Housing, Street Lighting, Drainage, Education and Medical facilities, transport road network etc.,

The population of Chilakaluripet Municipality was 91,656 during 2001, which has increase to 1,01,550 by 2011. The increase during this period is 9,894 at the rate of 10.79% growth.

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Tadepalligudem City is in West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh known for its education, trade & agriculture. It is a municipality and the Mandal headquarters of Tadepalligudem Mandal in Eluru revenue division. It is the agricultural commercial hub of West Godavari district which is renowned as the “Annapurna of Andhra Pradesh”. The area of the Municipality is about 20.71Sq.kms.Tadepalligudem is centrally located in West Godavari District and main entrance 10 Delta as well as to uplands which is otherwise called as “Andhra Dhanyagaram” the world famous Kolleru Lake is very near to this town.

Topography

Tadepalligudem is located at 16.8333°N 81.5000°E. It has an average elevation of 10 meters. The town is undulating and has a level difference of nearly 5-6 m between the highest and the lowest level within Municipal limits. The Pentapadu drain flows east side of the Tadepalligudem parallel to the irrigation canal. Eluru canal passes through the heart of the town. Town has mostly flat and gradient from North West to South East.

Climate

The climate of the Tadepalligudem is hot in summer months and temperature rises to maximum 48°Celsius. Temperature of Tadepalligudem is in between 18oC in winter to 48C in summer season. Average relative humidity 80% recorded during month of September. Rains set in during the second part of June. The average annual rainfall is 1076 mm.

Demography

As per Census 2011, Tadepalligudem has 35 municipal wards. The total population of Tadepalligudem town was 103,906 and spread over in 20.71sq.km Municipal area. The total population constitutes 51378 males and 52528 females – a sex ratio of 1022 females per 1000 males. The average literacy rate stands at 83.10% with 83345 literates significantly higher than state average of 67.41%.

Soil and Geology

The soils of the district are mainly ‘Black cotton soil’s’ comprising loam silt, sandy loam and sandy clay loam. In the areas of flat topography and along sides of Eluru canal and its Tributaries, black cotton soil is found. In all areas ground water can be had from depths ranging from 3m to 6 m. The Soil conditions are very good in terms for cultivation of paddy, cotton, chilly and tobacco because it is a black cotton soil.

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Srikalahasti Municipality is 2nd largest ULB in the Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh s spread over an area 24.6 Sq Kms with a population of 80056 (2011 Census).

Location

It is located _700_Kms from Capital city and 110 Kms from District Head quarters. It was established as 2nd Grade Municipality in the Year 1970.

There are 6 Zones / and 35 Election ward in the Municipality.

Climate and Rainfall

Srikalahasti Town, in general, has a tropical climate, winters last from November to February, while summers last from March to June. The Annual rainfall is 742 mm, most of its received during the months of September to December.

Demography

The Population of the Town which was 70854 in 2001 increased to 80056 in 2011 with an increase of 12.98% in the last decade. The sex ratio is 1046 female per 1000 males. The literacy rate is 78.66% 85.15% of the male population and 72.57% of the female population are literate.

Economy

The Economy of the region is mainly agrarian. ALarge part of the economy relies on agriculture and tourism. Since it is a popular piligrimage in the country, people from neighboring states and in fact all over the country visit the famous Srikalahasti Temple and Seek blessing Lord Siva in addition to that the city is also where the famous of form Kalamkari originated from,. There are thousands of Local Kalamkari artisians who bring in decent revenue to the region.

In the past decade, the region has seen tremendous development. There has been an industrial seem in the region which has also resulted in increase of real estate of infrastructure facilities. Some large scale plants and factories Lanco Industries, Vishnu Salvay Barrium (Chemical Plant, Thumsup Factory and Sponge Factory have started in and around the town in the past five years.

History & Culture

Srikalahasti which is situated on the banks of Swarnamukhi River and picturesque surrounding of hillocks is a famous Saivite Temple in South India. Thousands of pilgrims visits the temple to have darshan of the almighty Sri Kalahasteeswara and Sri Gnanaprasunambika Devi. Sri Kalahasteeswara showers grace to wipe out the sins and obstacles of devotees. Seers and sages worshipped lord Srikalahasteeswara and praised with hymns.

Sri Adi Sankara visited this Kshetra and praised the bhakti of Kannappa in his Sivanandalahari.

The historical reference to this temple occur in the works of Nakkeerar, a Tamil poet in 3rd Century BC during the Tamil Sangam Dynasty. He called it as Southern Kailash. Nakkeera composed hundred stanzas to praise Srikalahasteeswara. Dhoorjati a Telugu poet native of this place and one among the ashtadiggajas of Sri Krishnadevaraya’s court composed hundred stanzas on Sri Kalahasteeswara.

It is one of the panchabhoota sthalam – representing five basic elements. This is the Vayu Sthalam among the Pancha Bootha Sthalams representing Air. The others are – Tiruvannamalai(Thejo sthalam – Fire) Kanchipuram (Prithvi sthalam – Earth) Tiruvanaikaval (Appu sthalam – Water) Chidambaram (Akasa sthalam – Space).

Legend has it that Lord Shiva disguised as Vayu (Air) observed that The Spider (SRI), Cobra (KALA) and Elephant (HASTI) worshipped Him very devotedly. So Lord Shiva made them to relieve from the curse and attain salvation, hence this place is called Srikalahasti.
Many more Tamil Saivite saints like Sambandar, Appar, Manikkavasagar, Sundaramurti, Pattinathar and Sri Ramalinga Swami of Vadalur have also visited this place.[1]

The hill adjacent to temple has still carvings in Pallava style. The Cholas renovated the old Pallava temple in 11th century. Kulottunga Chola I constructed the Galigopuram, the main entrance facing south and Kulottunga Chola III constructed few other temples. In 12th Century A.D., King Veeranarasimha Yadavaraya built the present Prakaras, and the four Gopurams connecting the four entrances. According an inscription of Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara empire dating back to 1516 A.D., he constructed the Hundred Pillared Mantapam and the other tall Galigopuram that faces west to east. In 1529 A.D., King Achutaraya of the Vijayanagara empire got his coronation performed here, before he celebrated in his capital City. The Natukottai Chettiars of Devakottai gave the final shape to the temple in 1912 by donating then around nine lakhs of rupees.

On 26 May 2010, the 136-foot ‘Rajagopuram’ of the Srikalahasti temple, which has been in a precarious condition due to a deep fissure along its face, collapsed.[2]

Immediately (27 May 2010), The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Konijeti Rosaiah promised to reconstruct this ancient gift with exactly the same brick to brick dimensions as the one constructed by Sri Krishna Deva Rayalu.[3] However due to financial constraints the Government is looking for donors in order to proceed with rebuilding the collpased Gopuram[4] On 16 April 2011, One of the oldest Rajagopuram at veyi lingal kona is collapsed. It is situated 8 k.m east of the main temple srikalahasti.

Srikakulam Municipality is one of the ”largest ULB in the Srikakulam District of A.P., it is spread over an area of 14.12 Sq. Kms with a population of 125953 (2011 Census). It is known for/famous for Arasavilli Surya Narayana Temple.

Location

It is located 436.2 Kms from Capital city and District Headquarters. It was established as Srikakulam Municipality in the year 1867.

General About Town

Srikakulam Municipality is located at 18o – 20’ and 19o-10’ Northeastern Latitude and 83o – 53’ and 84o-50’ Eastern Longitude in Srikakulam District. The District is skirted to a distance by Kandivalasagedda, Vamsadhara and Bahuda at Certain stretches of their courses while a line of heights of Great Eastern Ghats run from North – East, Viajayanagaram District flanks in the South and west while Orissa bounds it on the North and Bay of Bengal on the East. The Town having an extent of 14.12 Sq.km.

Climate

Throughout the year, the climate is characterized by humidity. The South – West monsoon which fallows the summer seasons up to September. North –East monsoon starts from 1st October to the November. The period from December to mid February enjoys generally a fine weather. The annual rain fall is 937.6 mm but during the year 2004-2005 against normal, rainfall was 1162mm.

Rain Fall

As per rainfall statement it is observed that the highest rainfall occur in the month of June, July and September, October. It can also be observed that the first four months of the year. January to April is particularly rainless. But in the month of May fair amount of the rain may occur. More than half of the annual rainfall is brought by the South – West monsoon while a greater part of the rest occurs in October and November. The South – West monsoon begins in the middle of June. Usually the period between July and October is regarded as the heaviest.

Implementation of Town

Srikakulam was formally known as chicacole. After independence it was renamed as Srikakulam. It is believed that srikakulam town was founded by Lord Balaram, the brother of Lord Krishna. There is one more popular story in the puranas narrating the way as to how this place got the name of Srikakulam. It was told that when Devas(Devatalu) and Danavas(Danavulu) churned the ocean for Nector with Mandhara as the Churning road, Lord Vishnu supported it on his back in the form of tortoise. Poison was one of the products that came out of the ocean.

It was Halahalam or Kokolam and in order to save the World from it, Lord Shiva took it and retained in his throat. He established himself here as koteswara and thus the place got the name of Srikakulam from Kokolam. The Stood there till it was destroyed in 1670 by Shaik Mohammad khan who built a mosque at Srikakulam for Muslims with stone material of this along with several other Hindus temples of the Locality.

Srikakulam District was for a long time not a homogenous unit and its component parts were under the away of various districts at different periods of time. Certain portions of the District were under the old Ganjam District in the east while Madras presidency prior to the formation of the State of Orissa.

While forming the Orissa state in 1936, Srikakulam, Sompeta, and Tekkali taluka and portions of Parlakimidi, Ichapuram and Brampuram talukas, which b were in Ganajam District, were however retained in the east while remaining portions of Madras state were added to Visakhapatnam District. As the enlarged Visakhapatnam District was found very unwieldy for administrative purpose, a new District Viz.., Srikakulam District was carved out in 1950 bifurcating it from Visakhapatnam District. In this process, the northen region of the old Visakhapatnam District with head quarters at Srikakulam Town is fast growing in its size of and population.

Existing Physical Infrastructure of Srikakulam Municipality:

There are 25 primary schools, 4 upper primary schools, 29 high schools, 5 Junior Colleges, 2 Engineering Colleges, One Medical College and One Law College in the town. This town is known for its Vedic culture and its development. Apart from the people are served with well equipped medical facilities with one 100 bedded area hospital, one PHC, one Maternity Centre and many private nursing homes.

There is one Govt. veternity hospital for taking care of cattle and pets. The Government offices such as Revenue Division Office, Mandal revenue office and telephone exchanges & TV ralay centre etc., are located.

Even though the main economic base of the town is cultivation, it is main urban centre of the region and surroundings by many villages. There by town attracts floating population from far and near places. It is having a population of 125953 as per 2011 censes.

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Puttaparthy Municipality is Nagara Panchayath ULB in the Anantapuramu district of A.P. it is spread over an area of 60.50 Sq.kms. with a population of 31610 (2011 Census) . It is the Birth Place of Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba & this town is also called as Prasanthi Nilayam.

Location

It is located 600 Kms . From capital city and 80 Kms. From District Headquarters. It was established as Nagara Panchayath in the year 2011 .

There are 4 zones/and 20 election wards in this Municipality.

Climate and Rainfall

Puttaparthy Town, in general, has a tropical climate, winters last from November to February, while summers last from March to June. The annual rainfall is 126 mm, most of it received during the months of August to October . At present Rainfall is 186.10 mm

Demography

The population of the town which was 12481 in 2001 increased to 31610 in 2011 with an increase of 100 % in the last decade. The sex ratio is 1047 females per 1000 males. The literacy rate is 70.48 %. 78.12 % of the male population and 63.20 % of the female population are literate.